June03,2008,17:19PM
情感因素导致失声的现象是很常见的。身体经受了某个感情问题的折磨致使声音遭受压迫，所以，即使发声器官根本没有受到实际损伤，人们的音量也可能大幅度降低，最后甚至失声。我们会帮助患者恢复他们的声音，哪怕是喉癌患者，我们也会尽力达到治疗效果。当然，喉癌无非有两种治疗方式。要么采用化疗的方法，这要坚持一段时间。要么采用喉头切除术，顾名思义，这意味着要把喉头摘除。之后，我们必须引导他们学习怎样发出一个与原来不同的声音。这时他们必须学着克服各种发声困难，比如发声疲劳、手术造成的声襞上的伤口以及息肉等问题，从而在术后成功地恢复声音。
THE HOST: Closer to the front line of the battle to keep voices healthy, Sarah Harris of Queen Mary Hospital London, is a voice therapist.
主持人：战斗在治疗发声疾病的第一线，莎拉•哈里斯是伦敦玛丽女王医院的一位声疗专家。
SARAH HARRIS: Well let’s see if we can relax it, that’s probably the most useful thing. So sit back well in your chair support your back…
莎拉•哈里斯：好吧，让我们看看我们是否能放松，这可能是最有效的疗法了。请坐好，把你的背靠在椅子背上……
SARAH HARRIS: It’s a very wide range from no physical damage at all. But an emotional problem that has fed into the body tightened up the voice and people have lost touch with it, so they can go completely down to a whisper with no physical damage at all. So we would certainly help them regain their voice right up to cancers and the effects of the treatment of cancer of course which could either be radiotherapy, which can make it very stiff, or laryngectomy of course which is the removal of the larynx. And again we would have to help them learn how to produce a different voice. And anything in between from vocal strain, to scythes, scars on the vocal fold, polyps, and get the best out of the voice again following surgery.
莎拉•哈里斯：情感因素导致失声的现象是很常见的。身体经受了某个感情问题的折磨致使声音遭受压迫，所以，即使发声器官根本没有受到实际损伤，人们的音量也可能大幅度降低，最后甚至失声。我们会帮助患者恢复他们的声音，哪怕是喉癌患者，我们也会尽力达到治疗效果。当然，喉癌无非有两种治疗方式。要么采用化疗的方法，这要坚持一段时间。要么采用喉头切除术，顾名思义，这意味着要把喉头摘除。之后，我们必须引导他们学习怎样发出一个与原来不同的声音。这时他们必须学着克服各种发声困难，比如发声疲劳、手术造成的声襞上的伤口以及息肉等问题，从而在术后成功地恢复声音。
SARAH HARRIS: A, a, a, ok, lets go around the different vowels let’s go round the different vowels to see how you get on….o, o, o…a little bit breathy…o. o…
莎拉•哈里斯：A，a，a……好的，让我们试试发不同的元音，发不同的元音看看你恢复的怎么样了。O，o，o……稍微大声一点，O，o……
THE HOST: Vicky Hamlet is, as her name suggests, an actress.
主持人：正如她的名字所暗示的那样，维姬•哈姆雷特是一位演员。
VICKY HAMLET: I came here and I find out that I had a cyst on my right vocal fold, which is basically the tiniest little lump that was causing me to have a husky voice naturally. And I completely lost my top range of my signing voice as well, which isn’t very good when you’re trying to be an actor. I had an operation to get rid of it and now I’ve having voice training to hopefully sort myself out because I think I push from a vocal folds which is why I got the cysts in the first place. And now with training hopefully so that I don’t push and I’m just relaxed and it comes naturally.
维姬•哈姆雷特：来到这里，我发现我的右声襞上长了一个囊肿，虽然是小得不能再小的一块，也很自然地使我的声音变得嘶哑。正是这个囊肿使我失去了最悦耳的歌声，当你想成为一名演员的时候，这是很不好的事情。我做了一次囊肿切除手术，现在我正在进行发声训练，希望能解决自己的发声问题。我想，囊肿首先长在声襞上是因为我以前总用力推动声襞来发声。通过现在的练习，我希望能够不用力推而是放松喉咙，让它自然发声。
SARAH HARRIS: We are going to start working on that vocal fold closure. First thing I’d like you to do is to hold your breath very lightly and see if you can let it go, on a little whispered click. You need to let the jewel go fluffy….
莎拉•哈里斯：那么我们将要练习一下关闭声襞。我想让你做的第一件事是轻轻地屏住呼吸，然后慢慢张开，把气流想象成一颗小珍珠，轻轻呼气推动这颗珍珠使它缓缓滚过毛绒绒的声襞内侧……
SARAH HARRIS: It takes quite a powerful pressure there to drive the voice efficiently. And if that pressure drops, then you really run out of options if you like, you have to then tighten up. So we would start with the air flow, we would then build the vocal fold closure onto that. Because many people don’t fully close the vocal folds you get a breathy quality to the voice, it’s inefficient, and it can produce damage in certain situations. So our aims really is in therapy, are to try to help her make sure she has full vocal fold closure so that she doesn’t accidentally leave the gap at the back and create sheering forces on the vocal folds and begin to create swelling again.
莎拉•哈里斯：为了有效的控制声音，你的声襞会承受很大的压力。这时如果控制不住，那你除了重新绷紧声襞，别无选择。那么，我们首先练习控制气流，吸气后将声襞在气流上方关闭。许多人不能彻底关闭声襞，因此在发声时常常伴随着喘息。这并不是有效的发声方法，并在某种情况下可能会损伤声襞。所以，通过治疗，我们帮助她确保声襞完全关闭的，以至于声襞背面不再留出缝隙，这样就能给声襞施加足够的压力，然后她就可以重新发声了。
SARAH HARRIS: For a little bit longer, let it go on… (“a, a, a…”)
莎拉•哈里斯：稍微把音发的长一点，继续……（“a，a，a……”）
SARAH HARRIS: It repairs very well. I mean most of the time if you’re a heavy voice user. To some extent you’re producing a little bit of damage every day. And of course you sleep at night, damages repair, you start next morning beautifully back to normal. As we get older, our ability to repair overnight decreases. And that’s when it can become a problem, but it does still have an amazing ability to heal itself.
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莎拉•哈里斯：嗓子是能够自己恢复的，并且可以恢复的很好。我是说如果大部分时间你是个用嗓频繁的人，每天你的嗓子都会受到一些损伤，然而你每晚睡觉时，这些损伤又能够自己修复，于是第二天早上便又复原了。当然，嗓子的自身修复能力会随着年龄增长而减退。即便如此，它还是有着惊人的自愈能力。
SARAH HARRIS: B, b, b…Can you hear us clearer?
莎拉•哈里斯：B，b，b……你听清楚些了吗？
VICKY HAMLET: Yeah.
维姬•哈姆雷特：是的。
SARAH HARRIS: You’re going spit more air pressure behind that “b” to help you with that back pressure, GOOD.
莎拉•哈里斯：那现在试一下接着“b”音吐更多的气，比刚才更长一些，这会帮你增强背压。对，做的很好
THE HOST: The voices as we keep being reminded in this series, one of the most adaptable organs we possess. Sometimes though we forget how adaptable it is and in such situations it can be useful to have a partner like Sten Ternstrems.
主持人：在这个系列中反复提到的发声器官，是我们所拥有的适应能力最好的器官之一。当我们忘记这一点的时候，一位像斯特恩•特恩斯特莱姆这样的朋友一定会帮得上忙。
单词注释：
radiotherapy n.放射线疗法
laryngectomy n.喉头切除术
larynx n.喉
scythe v.割
polyp n.息肉
cyst n.囊肿，胞
husky adj.嘶哑的，沙哑的
adaptable adj.有适应能力的，能适应的